Anatomical Position & Movement
Posted by numericalchaos , Sunday, June 27, 2010 1:34 AM
All descriptions of the human body are made with the assumption that it is in the anatomical postion, a position in which the body is erect and standing with the arms by the side with the palms facing forward.
Three planes of the body - the median sagittal, the coronal and the transverse or horizontal plane.
Other important positional anatomical terms -
- anterior - front and posterior - back
- palmar and dorsal, dorsal and plantar (anterior and posterior equivalents when describing the hands and feet respectively)
- proximal and distal (describing relative distances from the root of limbs)
- internal and external (referring to the relative distance from the center)
- ipsilateral and contralateral (referring to same and opposite sides)
- supine - laying on the back and prone - laying on the belly
- Flexion and Extension - movements that are in the sagittal plane and in opposite directions. Lateral flexion is a special type of flexion of the trunk of the body which happens in the coronal plane.
- Abbduction and Adduction - movements that are in the coronal plane and in opposite directions.
- Rotation - Medial and Lateral
- Pronation and Supination - special terms pertaining to movements of the forearms
- Circumduction
- Protraction and retraction - special terms pertaining to movements of the jaw
- Inversion and Eversion - special terms pertaining to movements of the feet
- Opposition - A special movement of the thumb in which it approximates to the little finger
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